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Indo-European ablaut
In linguistics, the Indo-European ablaut is a system of apophony (regular vowel variations) in the Proto-Indo-European language. It has significantly influenced modern Indo-European languages. An example of ablaut in English is the strong verb ''sing, sang, sung'' and its related noun ''song''.
== History ==
The term ''ablaut'' (German for "off-sound") was coined in the early nineteenth century by linguist Jacob Grimm. However, the phenomenon itself was first recorded more than 2000 years earlier by the Sanskrit grammarians and was codified by Pāṇini in his Ashtadhyayi, where the terms ' and ' were used to describe the phenomena now known respectively as the ''full grade'' and ''lengthened grade''. In the context of European languages, the phenomenon was first described in the early 18th century by the Dutch linguist Lambert ten Kate, in his book ''Gemeenschap tussen de Gottische spraeke en de Nederduytsche'' ("Commonality between the Gothic language and Lower German ()", 1710).
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